

Battlestar Galactica as a metaphor for poor parenting? Only at Look Again!

This article was part of a regular feature here at Look Again, Newsvine's premiere TV and Movie group.
Today, in our continuing look at Battlestar Galactica in anticipation of friday's season premiere, I'd like to take a look at some of the metaphors and allegories that the show uses to explore its complex themes. Don't miss yesterday's introduction to the characters or Tuesday's recap of seasons 1-3. Finally, as always, beware: there are spoilers here, so don't read if you're not caught up!
Anyway, moving forward: today I want to look at three different metaphorical motifs used by the show's writers. First I'm going to examine some of the numerological and mystical elements employed; then I'm going to take a quick look at the political commentary; finally, I'll explore the way the show looks at Parent/Child relationships.
Each of these three motifs could spawn an entire discussion of its own - as a result, my writeup is going to be necessarily brief. But I encourage you to comment below to help me flesh out my own understanding of the nuanced and complex tapestries woven by BSG's writers on a weekly basis.
In this section I'm not going to present any arguments so much as make a lot of comparisons - we can discuss implications below.
Twelve signs of the Zodiac. Twelve Olympian gods. Twelve Tribes of Israel. Twelve Apostles of Christ. The Twelve Imams of Shia Islam.
There's no doubt that the number 12 is well established in mystical tradition - both pagan and monotheistic. The BSG writers are obviously tapping into this powerful archetype - 12 colonies, 12 models of cylon, etc. There are analogs being suggested everywhere, though never really made explicit.
This gets a bit more interesting when you examine the way the number 12 is used in many of earth's historical traditions - 12 has this sort of mystical completeness and yet everywhere we seem to have this "+1" sneak in. The 12 tribes of Israel are actually 13 once you get the land distribution out of the way; the 12 Apostles are actually 13 when Saul turns into Paul and joins them; certain sects of Shia Muslims believe in the foretold 13th Imam who will arrive at some point in the future. Even in the Zodiac there's an unspoken 13th element: the earth itself, the vantage point without which the other 12 signs would have no meaning.
This too carries over into Galactica - we have 12 cylon models but they serve a single monotheistic god; there are 12 human colonies but scripture tells of a lost colony, Earth. Can we expect this model to persist? Can we perhaps expect a secret 13th cylon?
What other speculations can we draw from these symbols?
Authoritarianism vs. Democracy has been a constant motif in BSG - ever since the mini-series premiere. The leadership is regularly faced with difficult decisions between expediency and ethics: should the battlestar try to protect the entire human fleet? Should everyone be subjected to the cylon test? Should the democratic election results be accepted, even when The Masses are obviously wrong? Should even Gaius Baltar receive a fair trial?
In a political climate as charged as that of the United States in the early 21st century questions like this move from compelling to relevant. Habeus Corpus has been suspended, racial profiling is common practice, elections are executed in a blatantly undemocratic fashion and political enemies are demonized as less than human.
Galactica shows us, in my opinion, two important things:
Honestly, the use of suicide bombers by the protagonists might be the boldest thing on TV since Lucy had a baby. In a climate where our political leaders can point to such behavior and say "See? They're not human!", this show takes a step back and asks us - really asks us - exactly what this "humanity" is.
Discuss.
The last motif I'd like to examine today is that of family. So many of the conflicts in this show are generational - Lee is constantly butting heads with his father, for instance, and it took Starbuck until season 3 to come to terms with her mother.
Expanding this idea a bit more, Adama and Roslin essentially act as parents for all of humanity - sort of a reverse Adam and Eve, almost. They constantly have to figure out how to nourish, discipline and protect their charges. We even see a bit of adolescent rebellion on the part of the people - they vote Roslin out of office, opting instead to stay up late watching cartoons on New Caprica with Baltar in charge. Finally, though, like Apollo and Starbuck, this metaphorical child grows up and learns to live with its parents.
Taking this one step further, the central conflict in the series can also be cast as an essentially familial struggle: the Cylons are the children of the humans, and while their "adolescent rebellion" is perhaps a bit harsher than mine or yours (nuclear weapons and genocide, anyone?) at the end of the day they just want to be loved!
Isn't that marvelous? The greatest enemy humanity has ever known just wants a hug. Oh, it's a bit more complex than that - the Cylons are impotent, able to imitate humanity in every aspect except procreation. That must be terribly frustrating, and it's perhaps the reason they built such a strong need for love into their humanoid models. But at the end of the day, have you ever encountered a more compelling justification for genocide? It casts the entire Cylon race in a very sympathetic light, I think.
So the question becomes: will the Cylons eventually reach a reconciliation with their parents? Honestly I think so; I think at the end of the series the 12 Cylon models will each essentially "become human," discarding all other iterations and joining with humanity on the surface of a virgin earth.
I'm kind of a sap, though. What do you think?
On suicide bombers:
Under the right circumstances, good people can behave insanely. If it had just been drunk old Tigh using suicide bombers against the cylons on New Caprica that would have been one thing - but Tyrol was right there with him, and half a dozen other characters that we like!!!
I'm not sure we're coming at this from the same angle. Granted, it's been a long time since the episodes, but I don't recall any cases of bombers vs civilians. Weren't all of the them used against either cylons or the NCP? If that's accurate, I'm not so sure I can take any issue with suicide bombers. Please disagree if you can, because I'd love to discuss this more. I think we need to establish whether this is something "bad" before we can examine the "humanity" of the participants.
that the metaphor works if you consider that...
OK, that's a valid point. But now you've made me wonder about cylons. There aren't really civi-cylons, but are there innocents? Among the toasters or the skinjobs?
I'll agree it's a radical statement, but at the same time, it's not a radical solution. They've been disarmed by their oppressors, but they are at war. How many options can they see for themselves? It will be interesting to see what sort of response you get here. How many viewers stopped and attempted to make any correlations...
OK, that's a valid point. But now you've made me wonder about cylons. There aren't really civi-cylons, but are there innocents? Among the toasters or the skinjobs?
That is an interesting question really. What if there are civiliian/military castes, and we just can't tell the difference? Heck, maybe there is even a large wing of cylons who oppose the war, and they blew up some of them.
They all look alike to us, right?
Arms are for hugging!
Isn't that marvelous? The greatest enemy humanity has ever known just wants a hug. Oh, it's a bit more complex than that - the Cylons are impotent, able to imitate humanity in every aspect except procreation. That must be terribly frustrating, and it's perhaps the reason they built such a strong need for love into their humanoid models. But at the end of the day, have you ever encountered a more compelling justification for genocide? It casts the entire Cylon race in a very sympathetic light, I think.
Interesting take. I had not looked at the conflict from that angle. This is probably a separate article, but I'd always been fascinated by the religious aspect to the war, rather than the emotional side. (The monotheists slaughter the polytheists because "God has a plan.")
Viewing that need for love as a justification for genocide though seems too short-sighted and counterproductive (of the cylons, not you, Myk). I guess this ties back to the last paragraph, because their religious fanaticism does seem to often over-ride what one would expect of logic. Maybe that driving need and the religion aspect have to be examined in conjunction.
I remember from the first few minutes of the pilot how it states the Cylons were not seen for 40 years -- the same as the years the Israelites spent wandering the desert. It seems that those years too were a time of spiritual growth for the Cylons as it was for the Israelites. The Cylons were the slaves (". . . created to make life easier on the Twelve Colonies") and note that it is the Cylons with one God. So, perhaps they are the "chosen people". Now, that all said it seems hard to see these 'skin-jobs' as Apostles. Perhaps more like the 12 sons of Jacob (was Jacob the first hybrid from Razor?). Maybe we should ask who is Moses (who only gets to see but never enters the 'promised land').
All said, it is probably best to see this as loosely based on either the apostles or the 12 tribes. Remember that "All this has happened before, and will happen again." so the history we are trying to make parallels to may all happen after. Just another repetition.
The Paul/Saul issue is interesting. Again, it is hard to see the 12 as evangelicals being sent out to share the "good news". But, on this subject, remember that Paul is not part of the original 12 apostles and was a convert after the life of Jesus (he was a Roman Citizen - so Colonel Tigh does fit that). Also, there is Matthias – the apostle selected by lot to replace Judas.
tracking comment...no time to read right now.
Not sure where any of this would fit in with the topics in this article, but here are some interesting tidbids from the Religious and Mythological References page on Wikipedia:
The opening theme song for seasons one, two, and three is a famous Hindu mantra, the Gayatri Mantra, taken from the Rig Veda. The words are "OM bhûr bhuvah svah tat savitur varçnyam bhargô dçvasya dhîmahi dhiyô yô nah pracôdayât", which may be translated in various ways but means approximately, ""Oh all-protecting lord, please guide our intellects, so that we may proceed in the right direction towards enlightenment".
In the re-imagined series, Kara's last name, Thrace, refers to a region that includes Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. In Greek mythology this region provided a number of Greek kings (including Lycurgus, Phineas and Orpheus's father) and was known for its mercenaries.
Saul Tigh (previously called Paul) persecuted the Cylons, then, after he loses an eye, discovered that he was one. Similarly, Saul of Tarsus (later called Paul), persecuted the Christians, then, after he was blinded, decided to become one.
More on the Mormon influences:
Some of the elements of the two Battlestar Galactica science-fiction television series seem to be derived from the Mormon beliefs of their creator, Glen A. Larson. In both series the planet Kobol is the ancient and distant homeworld of the human race. According to Jana Reiss, author of "What Would Buffy Do?", Kobol as an anagram of Kolob is only one of many plot points borrowed from Mormonism by Larson.[1] In Mormonism, Kolob is the star or planet nearest unto the throne of God.[2]
The "Lords of Kobol" are sacred figures in both series. They are treated as elders or patriarchs in the original series, while in the new series they are versions of the Twelve Olympians.
Saul Tigh (previously called Paul)
Huh? Lost me on that part.
Huh? Lost me on that part.
In the original series, Colonel Tigh's name was Paul. It was changed to Saul for the new series.
Damn, nice catch. I missed that. I was going through season 1 stuff trying to find Paul...
The influence of the Mormon theology is in the show also.
"I was aware that Glen had used Mormon influences and how he had created the cosmology, but I'm not that familiar with Mormon belief or practice so it was kind of like whatever was in the show is what I was dealing with," concedes Moore, who also worked on the "Star Trek" franchise. "I essentially looked at the original series as mythos and the way it dealt with religion in sort of a global sense."
Mormonism is basically just an extremely perverted incarnation of gnosticism.
Myk, I feel like making a post about numberology so I'm going to do it a bit. If you're interested in this, read about the astrological aspects.
The even numbers are usually considered feminine while the odd ones are considered masculine, an association that appears in several places including I-Ching.
Interestingly, my art teacher in middle school told me that items in the foreground of a painting should use odd numbers while backgrounds should use even ones. Odd numbers tend to be more outward, and bring more attention to themselves.
1. Unity, all is one. Conunctions in Astrology result in a blending of energies.
2. Duality, and strife associated with it the force between opposites. A quantum computer could create the physical world with binary. Oppositions in astrology result in strife, but a one in which a balance and creative use can be achieved.
3. A central meaning of AUM is threes. Three sounds, but yet all are one. AUM is the principle of threeness in one... similar to the Christian trinity. Also, the escape from duality.
A triangle is the most durable shape possible, the only "perfect" figure which if all endpoints have hinges will never change its shape unless the sides themselves are bent.
In astrology a Trine is the most harmonious aspect.
There are three qualities in astrology, cardinal, fixed, and mutable.
Also, Body, Mind, Spirit.
Generally a highly divine and powerful number.
4. Represents the four elements of physical reality. Squares are a common building block of earth, think of highways, blocks, rooms, ect. In astrology, squares are the most strife-ridden aspect and signify a situation where energies constantly block one another and which balance is difficult to achieve.
5. The four earthly elements plus the element of spirit, an association that appears in greek, Hindu, and chinese systems. Another divine number. The pentagon, which phi can also be derived from. Often considered a number of humanity, humans are replete with the ratio.
The aspect in astrology is associated with creativity, and action, but is used rarely and not understood very well.
Also, protection.
6. Hexagons are the second most stable figure, and very often used in construction. Origonally represent a combination of two of the elements, fire and air. In astrology, it is considered similar to the trine, but requires effort. Still, some consider it the most powerful aspect, when used properly
7. The seven Chakras, a full representation of the spiritual universe. The four lower represent the the physical elements, while the higher three, the divine threenesss. (in this case, in the form of Akasha(spirit, also the fifth element) Light, and thought(also, completion/oneness.
8. Most important to the chinese, representing the 8 primary Gua in I-Ching. Lessons learned through experience, the force of time, and one's lasting impact upon the world.
Many things use Octaves, including music.
9. Often is used to represent the entire universe. The Shri Yantra, considered the diagram of AUM, has nine primary triangles. 3 to the third power.
There are a whole lot of interesting alegrabic properties of the numbers, too, that you can find on the internet.
Hehe, maybe I should publish this as my own article? Well, I might wanna look is more though. I wish I had this one book about it that I used to have, that had more assoiations, even though it missed many of the ones I put here.
cheers.
Tarot's different, myk, but equally fascinating.
The only part of tarot that numerologist type people find interesting is the major arcana. The minor are based a bit more on astrology, and are more appropriate for divination than the majors though. Either way, it's usually not a great idea to combine them.
The major arcana are based on the 22 paths on the tree of life, which in turn correspond to the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Both probably descended from the same, older system.
There are several ways of dividing the letters/majors. My favorite is dividing them into three groups of 7. One each for body, mind, and spirit, and the odd card, #22 out is the choice between good and evil, (More colloquially, "The world")
If you want more information, on how to separate them and such, I can tell you.
Btw, the more harmonic/geometric based system in the above post does not relate directly to either the major or minor arcana.
About 12s and 13s:
You're aware that there are 29.25 or so days in a lunar month. That gives 12 months = 351 days or so, which means depending on when the new moon falls, there is another few days, about a half a month, before the solar year turns. So that's usually done in a time of "dead days" - a time which is not part of the calendar when things are somewhat dangerous...
Having 12 disciples is no surprise. Robert Graves will tell you all about it: the year king has 12 tanists or deputies who assist him. Thus 13 altogether. There are various aspects to it, because of course Osiris' brother Set is possibly one of the tanists and yet betrays him (was Osiris' dismembered body buried in 12 locations? I forget). In any case I see Set as the alter-ego of Osiris rather than one of his deputies.
All this applies to Jesus much the same, and then of course the tanists represent months to the sun-king's year. You'd think that would make them female, wouldn't you? But there were often colleges of 50 (I presume 52, of course) priestesses to moon godesses, as opposed to 12. Go figure... And the three Marys wait at the foot of the cross / the three part moon goddess attends the sun-god as he hangs from the year tree. Well, this stuff goes round in infinite circles... Ok I'll shut up now ;)
As for the law of fives, I thought it was a joke more than anything, but Maybe I'm missing something?
My favorite "numerological" principle is fractals.
I like it because it so closely relates to so many principles in a variety of religions,
Hua-Yen from buddhism, Advaita Vedanta, "As Above, so Below", ect.
Fractals, being infinitely repeating and self-similar representing the principle that man is a microcosm of the Universe, and that it is a hologram of him... of everyone... on every single level.
Being infinitely small and infinitely large at the same time.
And of course, if you've ever seen fractal art, which, imo, are the most beautiful structures on earth.
Myk:
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.
Your synopsis reminds me more of Theogony, not that in archetypal terms there's necessarily a contradiction--it's more like an added layer.
Myk:
Nope. But I just hinted to Yasmin that I might because of this article series.
:^{)>
Between the two of you in your description of the Cylons, though, it just sounded a lot to me like Hesiod.
jfx, I think you might really like it.
spiff:
I was a monster Babylon 5 fan before it was cool. Seriously. Watched the pilot first run.
I was not, however, a fan of the original BG so I let this version go until I got pretty far behind.
This version is nothing like the original. Though when I was a kid I really liked the original.
I actually tried rewatching the original series. Wow, those fond childhood memories can be deceiving... I do miss the theme though. Loved that theme music.
jfx, say it ain't so. Next you'll tell me that you're a Buck Rogers hater, too.
As for the Theogony, it's a very apt reference.
As I see, the humans in the series are analogues to both the Titans, which the Olympians (Cylons) overthrew, and humanity (upon which the Olympians alternately predated and also aided). The conflict within the Cylons between those who would help humanity towards enlightenment (the Promethean role) and those who would destroy them for hubris (many parallels) is pretty interesting.
If they don't reveal the final Cylon tonight, I think it might be fun to try to align each known Cylon to an Olympian god, and see if it could give clues to who the final Cylon is.
yasmin:
This version is nothing like the original.
So I read.
:^{)>
spiff:
Next you'll tell me that you're a Buck Rogers hater, too.
Well, except whoever was the hot chick, yeah, I was.
As for Theogony, I'm at a complete disadvantage because I haven't watched (although perhaps that gave me greater scholarly detachment?) so I don't have enough detail to judge.
However, whichever one of you BG geeks who gets famous by writing it up in full owes me a footnote!
Myk, it would be quite a thing to attempt to just go straight out and try to individually match each one to an individual sign of the zodiac.
Probably the first thing you should do is try to group them into the four elements, because the four elements are probably the easiest to understand astrological principle.
After you do that, then you have two options
1. try to group them into each of the three qualities. The qualities, cardinal, fixed, mutable are a bit tricky to understand properly.
2. Or instead you can attempt to group them by the personal, social, universal groupings which are signs 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 respectively.
After you've done that, you can them combine the two assignments you've made and them, voila, you have each corresponding directly to a sign.
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